Sunday, August 20, 2006

an average day

A few people have expressed an interest in knowing what a typical day is like for me …

My alarm clock rings every morning at 6:37am. It’s this or nature’s alarm clock – a rooster - that rouses me. Typically I’ve slept well on the sturdy foam that is called my mattress. That is, except for the nights when there has been a mosquito incident. Imagine a mosquito buzzing in your ear all night - it incites something akin to what it must feel like to go mad. If only I could negotiate with a mosquite, I'd shout: "bite me as much as you want, just SHUT UP!"

My routine from the time I step out of bed to the moment I step out the door depends entirely on where in the electricity rotation we are. Actually, rotation is not quite the right word - rotations are consistent and reliable. This is not. It is supposedly “24 hours on, 24 hours off” however what it actually amounts to is some days we have electricity and some days we don’t. Therefore some mornings I have the joy of a warm shower and other mornings I make use of my newly acquired rinse-quickly-while-standing-on-the edge-of-the-shower skills; some mornings I savor warm toast smeared with ground simnut while other mornings I am content with bread and peanut butter.

In Kampala the run-down, barely-running version of a Vespa is called a boda-boda and is one of the only means of transport, particularly if you don’t want to sit on top of someone else in an overcrowded taxi bus in the middle of the city’s traffic jam for hours on end. On the many mornings when I don’t get up early enough to walk to work I indulge one of the countless men on every corner who call after me: “my sister!” I pay the lucky man to speed through the dusty, crowded streets of Kampala on his boda-boda with me side-saddled behind him– but only after I have insisted that he drive “mpolla, mpolla” (“slowly, slowly”).

My workday begins at 8:30am. Inevitably by the time I arrive there are already dozens, often hundreds, of people seated under the canopy flanking the building’s front door. Women, men and children are there to receive anti-retroviral drugs, to see a doctor about a painful cough (or any number of other ailments), or to talk with a counselor. The first floor of our building is a clinic, the top floors are where staff plan budgets, write strategies, and design interventions. I spend my days upstairs. From where I sit, looking past my computer and through the window, I watch the line of people grow and then diminish as the hours pass. I listen to children laughing, and crying, throughout the day.

Most of my friends at the office are women in their mid to late 20s. Some of them are staff and many more are volunteers. It is extremely difficult for university graduates to find work in Uganda – you are considered one of the lucky ones if you find a fulltime volunteer position that after a year or two may turn into a paid position. Some of my friends are married – if they’ve been married for more than a few months it’s a given that they have at least one baby. Other of my friends have a baby yet no man. Others still have neither a man nor a baby – they call themselves “single and searching.” Like in most places among women our age, the day is punctuated by chats about babies, a visit to the salon, a family obligation this weekend or a trip to the market last night. Surprisingly we don’t often talk about men.

At 1pm each afternoon I venture to the canteen next door for lunch. It is here that several of the female HIV/AIDS clients from the clinic earn money by cooking and serving lunch to anyone willing to pay 1,500 Ugandan shillings. For less than US.80 cents I eat my fill of rice, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, kale, pumpkin, beans, groundnut sauce and matooke. Matooke is mashed bananas (imagine the consistency of mashed potatoes but with a different taste and color). It is a staple in this part of Uganda – in fact when someone refers to food they are talking about matooke. People fill their plates with many other things, including chicken and beef, but the only thing that qualifies as food is matooke.

At approximately 4:30pm the workday ends and I begin my walk home. The afternoon means disappointment for the boda-boda drivers – my response to their “Let’s go” is always “Nayda sebbo” (“no sir”). Instead of riding I opt to walk the 30 minutes between my work and home. The walk begins along a dirt path amongst barely-standing homes and roaming livestock; it ends on busy, barely-paved roads past small stalls and big homes. All along the way children shout and adults comment: “muzungu, muzungu!” (“white person, white person!”). I am greeted with “hi, how are you?” by countless schoolboys and girls. Often I have to explain to a persistent man that my husband would not like it if another man walked me home. You can imagine how much I despise having to pretend that I belong to one man in order to keep another man at bay.

The walk isn’t all uninvited commotion though. There are the two women who sell grilled maize and small sweets on the roadside and who unfailingly greet my attempts to converse in their language with huge smiles and warm laughter. There is the woman at the thatch stall where I buy tomatoes, avocado, eggplants, onions or whatever else is needed for the evening’s menu – her young son is in awe of his mother’s new friend. There is also Lucy – the woman who runs the food stall on our block. Lucy is there to welcome me home each evening, to tell me about her day and to listen as I share the events of mine.

Just like the mornings, once at home my evening routine is determined by the electricity situation. A gas stove ensures that we can eat every night. The question is whether we chop tomatoes, fry eggplants and steam rice by the dim light of a kerosene lantern or not. Regardless of how well we can see each other, after cooking most hours of the evening are spent gathered around the dinner table recounting the days mishaps or debating about why Ugandan men do the things they do or speculating about something like the relevancy of the United Nations.

The day ends with hot Ugandan tea and sugar.

Monday, August 14, 2006

the week through my eyes







I spent the past week in Jinja, a city about 50 miles north east of Kampala and home to the source of the Nile River.

I was in Jinja for a workshop on HIV/AIDS and food aid. If I had to categorize 3 days of insights, challenges and lessons learned in one sentence: some individuals are relieved to get a positive HIV/AIDS test because this means they may qualify for food aid; they will fall sick in a few years but at least they will eat tomorrow.

Above are photographs of some of what I saw and the people I met. In this small village 26 women and 4 men (all HIV positive) have formed a group in hopes that together they can pool enough resources to grow food for their families, support the orphaned children and support each other through the distress of HIV/AIDS.

(click on the images if you want to see them bigger)

Monday, August 07, 2006

"women and men get AIDS not because they are stupid..."

This past week - amidst celebrating the passing of another year in my life and eagerly anticipating the birth of a baby in a colleague’s life - I also managed to attend the official launch of the “Year of Accelerated HIV/AIDS Prevention in Uganda.” Held under a party tent at the “Country Club” in Kampala, it was a truly Ugandan event: it started 2 hours late, opened and closed with prayer, and was punctuated by skits and songs. Uganda’s Vice President Dr. Gilbert Bukenya gave the keynote speech. The theme of the songs, skits, and speeches alike was HIV/AIDS prevention.

Much of the information discussed was percentages and trends that by this time I know better than I know how to spell my street address or what digits make up my cell phone number. The national HIV/AIDS prevalence rate is 6.4% among people aged 15 – 49 years; urban residents have a significantly higher rate of HIV infection than rural residents (10% and 6% respectively); prevalence rates for urban women is 13% as compared to urban men which is 7%. Currently approximately 70,000 out of the 120,000 Ugandans in need of ART (antiretroviral therapy) are being treated. However there are approximately 100,000 new HIV/AIDS infections each year. A combination of (relatively) accessible treatment alongside widespread infection has made many Ugandans consider AIDS normal – a bit like how extreme violence on the evening news is common in the United States. There is a lot that is alarming about it and it could be combatted, and yet its become normal.

The fact that 13% of urban Ugandan women as opposed to 7% of urban men are HIV positive is indicative of the fact that here, like much of the world, women are suffering disproportionately from HIV/AIDS. This has been universally acknowledged (in part because it is impossible to deny) however there remains the question: what to do about it?

Most HIV/AIDS education strategies focus on sex as a threat to life but do not pay attention to why people have sex. Many HIV/AIDS interventions have a gender component but none target men. The majority of HIV/AIDS programs consider individuals in isolation not in the context of the relationships they live in. Yet the reality is:

Ugandan men tell me that of course they do/would/will have extramarital sex – “manliness” is equated with the number of women one has “conquered.” Among men, HIV prevalence increases as their number of partners increases. Ugandan women explain that they are expected to be obedient to men, they cannot question the infidelity of their husbands/boyfriends nor can they deny them sex. Approximately 60% of new HIV infections occur within married relationships. The majority of Ugandan women lack access to their own income and must offer their bodies to men (husbands, boyfriends or strangers) in order to earn a living, to buy clothes for their children and to buy food. 83% of women have not discussed AIDS with their partners, often due to fear of domestic violence, abandonment or marital disruption.

And yet the Vice President’s launch of the government’s new HIV/AIDS prevention strategy made little mention of women, men or gender. Instead the focus was on children watching immoral movies.